On All Saints' Day in 1755, Lisbon, Portugal, was struck by a devastating earthquake, followed by a tsunami and fires that nearly destroyed the city. Historical accounts suggest that the earthquake had a magnitude of about 8. 5–9. 0, which caused widespread destruction over southern Portugal, parts of Spain, and Morocco. The city of Lisbon was particularly hard hit, with most buildings including many historical landmarks reduced to rubble. The disaster killed tens of thousands of people, with es