Product development processes were not a big deal until 1983, when several noteworthy articles outlined the merits of competing based on a best practices product development process. In 1986, Robert ...

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are private, nonprofit institutions that provide expert advice on some of the most pressing challenges facing the nation and world. Our ...

Metrics for product development were quite simple in the 1980s. Companies measured R&D spending, counted their patents, counted their projects, and the rest took care of itself... Register or Sign in ...

This study will describe how international and national planetary protection policy has been formulated and adopted and identify associated lessons to inform future policy development. The National ...