The FTIR spectra were recorded on a PerkinElmer Spectrum-FT-IR (PerkinElmer, Germany) using KBr pellets. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy ...
Single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acids (ssDNA) are valuable molecules in biomedical research and molecular biology, contributing significantly to disease identification and cellular functions 1,2. The ...
Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is the gold standard for sample preparation in chromatographic analysis. It is used to capture, clean, and concentrate samples while removing interfering compounds, ...