Editor's Note: Before reading this article, it is recommended that readers first review "Nonauscultatory Cardiac Exam: Assessing the Elderly Person," previously published on Medscape. As with most ...

Doctors have been listening to the sounds our bodies make for years. Before the invention of stethoscopes, they simply put their ears to their patients' chests or abdomens. The technical term for this ...

In school children, cardiac auscultation by machine (Phonocardioscan) has shown promise as a screening procedure. To determine its effectiveness as a screening procedure in adults, results obtained by ...

Dynamic auscultation refers to using maneuvers to alter hemodynamic parameters during cardiac auscultation in order to diagnose the etiology of a heart sound or murmur. The Valsalva maneuver is ...

Disease of the cardiac valves and other cardiac structures frequently results in abnormal, turbulent blood flow within the heart, causing murmurs. Careful auscultation of heart murmurs is an extremely ...

S4 and S1 S4 gallop is not as crisp as an ejection click; may be palpable; disappears when the bell of your stethoscope is pushed; disappears during extrasystole; usually not audible at the base S1 ...